Round-trip loss
In laser physics, the round-trip loss, or background loss 
, determines what part of the energy of the laser field
becomes unusable at each round-trip; it can be absorbed or scattered.
The round-trip loss is an important parameter of a laser that affects the self-pulsation. The self-pulsation may take place while the gain takes some time to respond to the variation of number of photons in the cavity and the number of photons in the cavity, in its turn, takes some time to respond the variation of gain. Within the simple model, the round-trip loss and the output coupling determine the period of pulsations and their relaxation. These are main parameters of the equivalent oscillator[1] [2] with an anharmonic potential as proposed by M. Toda[3].
At the steady-state operation, the round-trip gain 
exactly compensate both,
the output coupling and losses:
.
Assuming, that the gain is small (
), this relation can be written as follows:
Such as relation is used in analytic estimates of the performance of lasers
[4]. In particular, the
round-trip loss may be one of important parameters which limit the
output power of a disk laser; at the power scaling, the gain 
should be decreased
(in order to avoid the exponential growth of the amplified spontaneous emission), and the round-trip gain
should remain larger than the background loss ;
this requires to increase of the thickness of the slab of the gain medium; at certain thickness, the
overheating prevents the efficient operation
[5][6].
For the analysis of processes in active medium, the sum 
can be also called
"loss"
[7]. This notation leads to confusions as soon as one is interested, which part of the
energy is absorbed and scattered, and which part of such a "loss" is actually wanted and useful output of the laser.
[edit] Notes
- ↑ G.L.Oppo; A.Politi (1985). Toda potential in laser equations. Zeitschrift fur Physik B 59: 111–115. DOI:10.1007/BF01325388. Research Blogging.
- ↑ D.Kouznetsov; J.-F.Bisson, J.Li, K.Ueda (2007). Self-pulsing laser as oscillator Toda: Approximation through elementary functions. Journal of Physics A 40: 1–18. DOI:10.1088/1751-8113/40/9/016. Research Blogging.
- ↑ Morikazu Toda (1975). Studies of a non-linear lattice. Physics Reports 18 (1): 1-123. DOI:10.1016/0370-1573(75)90018-6. Research Blogging.
- ↑ D.Kouznetsov; J.-F.Bisson, K.Takaichi, K.Ueda (2005). Single-mode solid-state laser with short wide unstable cavity. JOSAB 22 (8): 1605–1619. DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.22.001605. Research Blogging.
- ↑ D. Kouznetsov; J.-F. Bisson, J. Dong, and K. Ueda (2006). Surface loss limit of the power scaling of a thin-disk laser. JOSAB 23 (6): 1074–1082. DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.23.001074. Retrieved on 2007-01-26. Research Blogging.
- ↑ D.Kouznetsov; J.-F.Bisson (2008). Role of the undoped cap in the scaling of a thin disk laser. JOSA B 25 (3): 338-345. DOI:10.1364/JOSAB.25.000338. Research Blogging.
- ↑ A.E.Siegman (1986). Lasers. University Science Books. ISBN 0-935702-11-3.
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