Apolipoprotein

In medicine and biochemistry, apolipoproteins are "protein components on the surface of lipoproteins. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and lipid metabolism. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the liver and the intestines."^[1]

Contents 1 Classification 2 Role in dyslipidemias 2.1 Hypoalphalipoproteinemia 2.2 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I 2.3 Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III 3 Role as a diagnostic tests 4 References

[edit] Classification

• Apolipoprotein A (apo A) is the structural protein of high density lipoproteins (alpha-lipoproteins).
  • Apolipoprotein A-I (apo AI)
  • Apolipoprotein A-II
• Apolipoproteins B
  • Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) is the structural protein of LDL lipoproteins and VLDL lipoproteins.
  • Apolipoprotein B-48 (apo B-48) is the structural protein of chylomicrons.
• Apolipoproteins C
  • Apolipoprotein C-I
  • Apolipoprotein C-II
  • Apolipoprotein C-III
• Apolipoproteins D
• Apolipoproteins E.
  • Apolipoprotein E2
  • Apolipoprotein E3
  • Apolipoprotein E4

[edit] Role in dyslipidemias

For more information, see: Dyslipidemia.

[edit] Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

For more information, see: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein A-I is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

[edit] Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C-II is one cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type I.

[edit] Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III

Mutations in the gene encoding apolipoprotein E is the cause of the familial dyslipidemia hyperlipoproteinemia Type III.

[edit] Role as a diagnostic tests

Measurement of blood apolipoproteins and the ratio of apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A-I are alternatives to measuring cholesterol levels and the ratio of non–HDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol in determining risk of vascular disease from atherosclerosis.^[2]

[edit] References

1. ↑ Anonymous (2010), Apolipoprotein (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. ↑ Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK et al. (2009). Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease.. JAMA 302 (18): 1993-2000. DOI:10.1001/jama.2009.1619. PMID 19903920. Research Blogging.

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